Caupayan, Jedda Anne G. BSEd-4 Physics
Resistors
A resistor is an electronic
device that can resist the flow of current. It doesn’t have polarity thus; we don’t
have to worry about connecting them in any of the wires so current can pass
through a resistor in either direction. Although resistors come in variety of
sizes and shapes, the most common type of resistor for electronics is the
carbon film resistor.
Resistors
are used for many reasons in electronic circuits; one is in limiting the amount
of current that flows through the circuit, another is in reducing voltage to a
level that’s appropriate for specific parts of the circuit and lastly it can be
combined with capacitors for a variety of interesting purposes. Resistor is
measured in ohms (Ω) and can be found in almost every electronic circuit.
Resistors
have the value of resistance printed on them or as a colour code. Each colour
stands for a number. In a four band resistor colour code, the first band
provides the first digit of the code, the second band provides the second digit
of the code, the third band is the multiplier and the fourth band indicates the
tolerance value.
Here are
the numbers with their respective colour in the resistor:
Black - 0
Brown - 1
Red - 2
Orange - 3
Yellow - 4
Green - 5
Blue - 6
Purple - 7
Gray - 8
White - 9
Retrieved from:
You can
also make use of the multi tester.
Retrieved from:
Types of Resistors
There are
two types of resistors, the fixed resistor and the variable resistor.
Fixed Resistors
Retrieved from:
Fixed resistors are resistors
that has specified amount of resistance. It cannot be changed.
Retrieved from:
Variable resistors are resistors
that don’t have specified amount of resistance and can be adjusted. It can be
used in the volume of the television, the brightness of the color and many
others.
RESISTOR ACTIVITY
I.
Objectives: At the end of this experiment, you are expected to:
a. differentiate the voltage of
the theoretical and the experimental data of the circuit with resistors;
b. determine the current of the
circuit with resistors;
c. create a circuit of resistors.
II.
Materials
Resistors
AC-DC converter
Alligator clips
III. Data
Series: Vout= 7.8v
Resistance
|
Resistance
Coding
|
Colors
|
Vdrop
Theoritical
|
Vdrop
Experimental
|
Current
Theoritical
|
Current
Experimental
|
R1= 5500 Ω
|
5600
Ω
|
G, B, R, Gold
|
1.9085 V
|
1.8 V
|
3.47×10-4 A
|
3.25 ×10-4 A
|
R2=
350 Ω
|
350
Ω
|
O, W, Br, Gold
|
0.12145 V
|
0.12 V
|
3.47×10-4 A
|
3.25×10-4 A
|
R3=
1000 Ω
|
1000
Ω
|
Br, Bl, R, Gray
|
0.347 V
|
0.31 V
|
3.47×10-4 A
|
3.25×10-4 A
|
R4=
3400 Ω
|
3300
Ω
|
O, O, R, Gold
|
1.1798 V
|
1 V
|
3.47×10-4 A
|
3.25×10-4 A
|
R5=
4700 Ω
|
4700
Ω
|
Y, R, V, Gold
|
1.6309 V
|
1.4V
|
3.47×10-4 A
|
3.25×10-4 A
|
R6=
7500 Ω
|
7500
Ω
|
V, Gr, Re, Gold
|
2.6025 V
|
2.3 V
|
3.47×10-4 A
|
3.47×10-4 A
|
Total: 22450
|
7.8
V
|
6.93
V
|
3.47×10-4
A
|
3.47×10-4
A
|
Voltage
%diff= theo-expe×100%=
7.8 V – 6.93 V ×100%= 11.15%
Theo 7.8 V
Current
%diff= theo-expe×100%=3.47x10-4A
– 3.25x10-4A×100%= 6.34%
Theo 3.47x10-4A
Parallel Vout= 5.4V
Resistance
|
Resistance
Coding
|
Colors
|
Vdrop
Theoritical
|
Vdrop
Experimental
|
Current
Theoritical
|
Current
Experimental
|
R1= 5500 Ω
|
5600
Ω
|
G, B, R, Gold
|
5.4 V
|
5.4 V
|
9.8×10-4 A
|
9 ×10-4 A
|
R2=
350 Ω
|
350
Ω
|
O, W, Br, Gold
|
5.4 V
|
5.4 V
|
0.0159 A
|
0.0137 A
|
R3=
1000 Ω
|
1000
Ω
|
Br, Bl, R, Gray
|
5.4 V
|
5.4 V
|
5.4×10-3 A
|
5.5×10-3 A
|
R4=
3400 Ω
|
3300
Ω
|
O, O, R, Gold
|
5.4 V
|
5.4 V
|
1.588×10-3 A
|
1.7×10-3 A
|
R5=
4700 Ω
|
4700
Ω
|
Y, R, V, Gold
|
5.4 V
|
5.4 V
|
1.149×10-3 A
|
1.2×10-3A
|
R6=
7500 Ω
|
7500
Ω
|
V, Gr, Re, Gold
|
5.4 V
|
5.4 V
|
2.2×10-3 A
|
1.2×10-3 A
|
Total: 22450
|
5.4 V
|
5.4 V
|
0.025A
|
7.3×10-4
A
|
RT=231.71Ω
Voltage
%diff= theo-expe×100%=
5.4 V – 5.4 V ×100%= 0%
Theo 5.4 V
Current
%diff= theo-expe×100%=0.025A
– 0.024×100%= 4%
Theo 0.025A
Network Vout= 5.8V
Resistance
|
Resistance
Coding
|
Colors
|
Vdrop
Theoritical
|
Vdrop
Experimental
|
Current
Theoritical
|
R1= 5500 Ω
|
5600
Ω
|
G, B, R, Gold
|
0.25 V
|
0.0225 V
|
4.5×10-5 A
|
R2=
350 Ω
|
350
Ω
|
O, W, Br, Gold
|
0.25 V
|
0.25 V
|
7.143×10-4 A
|
R3=
1000 Ω
|
1000
Ω
|
Br, Bl, R, Gray
|
0.74 V
|
7.61×10-4 A
|
|
R4=
3400 Ω
|
3300
Ω
|
O, O, R, Gold
|
2.59 V
|
2.4 V
|
7.61×10-4 A
|
R5=
4700 Ω
|
4700
Ω
|
Y, R, V, Gold
|
2.20 V
|
2.11 V
|
7.61×10-4 A
|
R6=
7500 Ω
|
7500
Ω
|
V, Gr, Re, Gold
|
2.20 V
|
2.11 V
|
7.61×10-4 A
|
Total: 22450
|
5.8 V
|
5.49 V
|
IV.
Conclusion
Based on the activity, the
voltage drop is higher when the resistance is also high, while the current is constant
in a series connection and the voltage is constant when the connection is
parallel.
Applications
Every single electronic device should have resistors.
Honestly, I can’t find one that doesn’t have a resistor. Even transformers have
resistors in them. Speakers sometimes have resistors (and capacitors), to
ensure that the correct speaker plays the frequencies it’s designed for, and
the amplifier giving speaker its signals have tons of resistors in there. PCs,
TVs, Stereos, phones, iPods, ovens, microwaves and etc.
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